Carthage the Elder

Saint Carthage the Elder (or Carthach) was an Irish bishop and abbot in the sixth century. His feast day is March 5. The saint is mainly known as the tutor and fosterer of his greater namesake, Saint Carthage of Lismore, also known as Saint Mochuda. Carthage was of the Eoghanacht of Cashel and son, or, more probably, grandson of Aengus mac Nadfraoch whom Saint Patrick baptized. He was himself a disciple of Saint Ciaran of Clonmacnoise who had condemned him to a condign penance for a sin of the flesh committed in his younger days. On completion of his canonical penance Carthage was reinstated as a member of the religious brotherhood. Afterwards he founded the monastery of Druim Fertain and another monastery in the upper island of Lough Sheelin, County Meath. In the barony of Clanmaurice is a townland called Monument on which are some scant remains of an ancient church called Cill Cartaig (Carthage's Church). Category:Saints Category:History of Ireland

Ireland

:This page is about the island of Ireland. For the state also called Ireland, see Republic of Ireland. :For an explanation of terms like Ulster, Northern Ireland, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom see British Isles (terminology) . British Isles (terminology)] Ireland (Irish: Éire) is the third-largest island in Europe. It lies in the Atlantic Ocean and it is composed of the Republic of Ireland (officially, Ireland), which covers five sixths of the island (south, east, west and north-west), and Northern Ireland; part of the United Kingdom, which covers the northeastern sixth of the island. The population of the island is approximately 5.8 million people; 4.1 million in the Republic of Ireland (1.6 million in Greater Dublin) and 1.7 million in Northern Ireland (0.6 million in Greater Belfast). Belfast 2003. Scotland, the Isle of Man and Wales are visible to the east]]
Geography
Wales with more details).]] A ring of coastal mountains surrounds low central plains. The highest peak is Carrauntuohill (Irish: Corrán Tuathail), which is 1041 m (3414 feet). The island is bisected by the River Shannon, at 259 km (161 mi) the longest river in Ireland or Britain. The island's lush vegetation, a product of its mild climate and frequent but soft rainfall, earns it the sobriquet "Emerald Isle". The island's area is 84,079 km² (32,477 mile²). Ireland is divided into four provinces: Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster. In Irish these are referred to as Cúige's ( Cúige - meaning fifths). Previously there were five provinces - Connacht, Munster, Ulster, Leinster and Meath, comprising the counties of Meath, Westmeath and Longford. These were further divided into 32 counties for administrative purposes. Six of the Ulster counties remain under British sovereignty as Northern Ireland following Ireland's partition in 1922 (the remaining 26 forming present-day Republic of Ireland); since the UK's 1974 reshuffle these county boundaries no longer exist in Northern Ireland for administrative purposes, although Fermanagh District Council is almost identical to the county. In the Republic, the county boundaries are still adhered to for local government, albeit with Tipperary and Dublin subdivided (some cities also have their own administrative regions). For election constituencies, some counties are merged or divided, but constitutionally the boundaries have to be observed. Across Ireland, the 32 counties are still used in sports and in some other cultural areas and retain a strong sense of local identity. Ireland's least arable land lies in the south-western and western counties. These areas are largely spectacularly mountainous and rocky, with beautiful green vistas.

Politics
Dublin Politically, Ireland is divided into:
- The Republic of Ireland, with its capital in Dublin. This state is often simply referred to internally and internationally as "Ireland" in English or "Éire" in Irish. Technically Ireland and Éire are the official names of the state while the "Republic of Ireland" is its official description.
- Northern Ireland is unofficially known as 'the North', and 'Ulster' (the province of Ulster also includes Donegal, Cavan, and Monaghan which are in the Republic). Northern Ireland is a region of the United Kingdom. Prior to the Government of Ireland Act 1920 the island had been a unified political entity within the United Kingdom (see United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland) from 1801. From 1541 the Kingdom of Ireland was established by the King of England, though this realm did not cover the whole island till the early 17th century. Up to then, Ireland had been politically divided into a number of different Irish kingdoms (Leinster, Munster, Connacht, Mide, Ulster, and others). Contrary to some assertions, at no time did a national kingdom headed by an Ard Ri exist. In a number of respects, the island operates officially as a single entity, for example, in most kinds of sports. The major religions, the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of Ireland and the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, are organised on an all-island basis. Some 92% of the population of the Republic of Ireland and about 44% of Northern Ireland is Roman Catholic. Some trade unions are also organised on an all-Irish basis and associated with the Irish Congress of Trades Unions (ICTU) in Dublin, while others in Northern Ireland are affiliated with the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in the United Kingdom - though such unions may organise in both parts of the island as well as in Britain. The island also has a shared culture across the divide in many other ways. Traditional Irish music, for example, though showing some variance in all geographical areas, is, broadly speaking, the same on both sides of the border. Irish and Scottish traditional music have many similarities. The Ireland Funds, an international fund-raising organisation, tries to help people on both sides find peace and reconciliation through community development, education, arts and culture. The island is often referred to as being part of the British Isles. However, some people, especially in Ireland, take exception to this name, which seems to suggest that both islands belong to Britain. For this reason, "Britain and Ireland" is commonly used as a more neutral alternative. Another suggestion, although much less used, is the Islands of the North Atlantic (IONA).
Flag of Ireland
There is no universally agreed flag that represents the island of Ireland. Historically a number of flags were used, including St. Patrick's cross, the flag sometimes used for the Kingdom of Ireland and which represented Ireland on the Union Jack after the Act of Union, a green flag with a harp (used by some radical nationalists in the 19th century and which is also the flag of Leinster), a blue flag with a harp used from the 18th century onwards by many nationalists (now the standard of the President of Ireland), and the Irish tricolour. However as the tricolour is the flag of the Republic of Ireland it is not used to represent the island of Ireland, given that the island also includes Northern Ireland. The Royal Standard also shows a version of an ancient Irish flag in one of its four quadrants. St Patrick's Saltire is used to represent the island of Ireland by the all-island Irish Rugby Football Union (IRFU). In contrast the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) uses the tricolour to represent the whole island.
History
Gaelic Athletic Association]] Ireland was mostly ice-covered and joined by land to Britain and Europe during the last ice age, has been inhabited for about 9,000 years. Stone age inhabitants arrived sometime after 8000 BC, with the culture progressing from Mesolithic to high Neolithic over the course of three or four millennia. The Bronze Age, which began around 2500 BC, saw the production of elaborate gold and bronze ornaments and weapons. The Iron Age in Ireland is associated with people now known as Celts. They are traditionally thought to have colonised Ireland in a series of waves between the 8th and 1st centuries BC, with the Gael, the last wave of Celts, conquering the island and dividing it into five or more kingdoms. Many scholars, however, now favour a view that emphasises cultural diffusion from overseas over significant colonisation.The Romans referred to Ireland as Hibernia. Ptolemy in AD 100 records Ireland's geography and tribes. Native accounts are confined to Irish poetry, myth, and archaeology. The exact relationship between Rome and the tribes of Hibernia is unclear; the only references are a few Roman writings. Tradition maintains that in AD 432, St. Patrick arrived on the island and, in the years that followed, worked to convert the Irish to Christianity. The druid tradition collapsed in the face of the spread of the new faith. Irish Christian scholars excelled in the study of Latin learning and Christian theology in the monasteries that flourished, preserving Latin learning during the Early Middle Ages. The arts of manuscript illumination, metalworking, and sculpture flourished and produced such treasures as the Book of Kells, ornate jewellery, and the many carved stone crosses that dot the island. This era was interrupted in the 9th century by 200 years of intermittent warfare with waves of Viking raiders who plundered monasteries and towns. Eventually they settled in Ireland, and established many towns, including the modern day cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick and Waterford. In 1172, King Henry II of England gained Irish lands by the granting of the 1155 Bull Laudibiliter to him by then English Pope Adrian IV, and from the 13th century, English law began to be introduced. English rule was largely limited to the area around Dublin, known as the Pale, and Waterford, but this began to expand in the 16th century with the final collapse of the Gaelic social and political superstructure at the end of the 17th century, as a result of the Tudor re-conquest of Ireland and English and Scottish Protestant colonisation in the Plantations of Ireland, which established English control over the whole island. After the the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Irish Catholics were barred from voting or attending the Irish Parliament. The new English Protestant ruling class was known as the Protestant Ascendancy In 1800 the Irish Parliament passed the Act of Union which, in 1801, merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The whole island of Ireland would remain within the United Kingdom, ruled directly by the UK Parliament in London. The 19th century saw the Great Famine of the 1840s in which at least 1 million Irish people died and over a million were forced to emigrate. The late 19th and early 20th century saw a vigorous but unsuccessful campaign for Irish home rule, followed by the eclipse of moderate nationalism by militant separatism. In 1922, following the Anglo-Irish War, twenty-six counties of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom as the Irish Free State. The remaining six, in the north-east, remained within the Union as Northern Ireland. Secession for the rest of Ireland led directly to the Civil War, as militant nationalists split into two factions and turned against one another.
History since partition

Irish Independence: The Irish Free State, Éire, Ireland
The Anglo-Irish Treaty was narrowly ratified by the Dáil in December 1921 but was rejected by a large minority, resulting in the Irish Civil War which lasted until 1923. In 1922, in the middle of this civil war, the Irish Free State came into being. For its first years the new state was governed by the victors of the Civil War. However in the 1930s Fianna Fáil, the party of the opponents of the treaty, were elected into government. The party introduced a new constitution in 1937 which renamed the state to simply "Éire or in the English language, Ireland" (preface to the Constitution). The state was neutral during World War II but offered some assistance to the Allies. In 1949 the state declared itself to be a republic and that henceforth it should be described as the Republic of Ireland. The state was plagued by poverty and emigration until the 1990s. That decade saw the beginning of unprecedented economic success, in a phenomenon known as the "Celtic Tiger". By the early 2000s, it had become one of the richest countries (in terms of GDP per capita) in the European Union, moving from being a net recipient to a net contributor and from a population with net emigration to one with net immigration.
Northern Ireland
From its creation in 1921 until 1972 Northern Ireland enjoyed limited self-government within the United Kingdom, with its own parliament and prime minister. However the Protestant and Catholic communities in Northern Ireland each voted almost entirely along sectarian lines, meaning that the government of Northern Ireland (elected by "first past the post") was always controlled by the Ulster Unionist Party. Consequently, Catholics could not participate in the government, which at times openly encouraged discrimination in housing and employment. Nationalist grievances at unionist discrimination within the state eventually led to large civil rights protests in 1960s, which the government suppressed heavy-handedly, most notably on "Bloody Sunday". It was during this period of civil unrest that the paramilitary Provisional IRA, who favoured the creation of a united Ireland, began its campaign against Unionist rule. Other groups, legal and illegal on the unionist side, and illegal on the nationalist side, began to participate in the violence and the period known as the "Troubles" began. Owing to the civil unrest the British government suspended home rule in 1972 and imposed direct rule. In 1998, following a Provisional IRA cease-fire, the Good Friday Agreement was concluded and attempts began to be made to restore self-government to Northern Ireland on the basis of power sharing between the two communities. Violence has greatly decreased since the signing of the accord. In 2001 the armed police force in the north (which operated much like an army with armoured cars etc.), The Royal Ulster Constabulary (or RUC for short), was removed in place of the PSNI (Police Service of Northern Ireland) as a result of easing tensions. On July 28 2005, the Provisional IRA (PIRA) announced the end of its armed campaign and on September 25 2005 international weapons inspectors supervised the full disarmament of the PIRA.
Sport
Gaelic football and hurling are the most popular sports in Ireland. Along with Camogie, Ladies' Gaelic football, handball and rounders, they make up the national sports of Ireland, collectively known as Gaelic Games. All Gaelic games are governed by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the exception of Ladies' Gaelic Football, which is governed by a separate organisation. The GAA is organised on an all-Ireland basis with all 32 counties competing; traditionally, counties first compete within their province, in the provincial championships, and the winners then compete in the All-Ireland senior hurling or football championships. The headquarters of the GAA (and the main stadium) is located at the 83,000 capacity Croke Park in north Dublin. All major GAA games are played here, including the semi-finals and finals of the All-Ireland championships. All GAA players, even at the highest level, are amateurs and receive no wages. The Irish rugby team includes players from north and south, and the Irish Rugby Football Union governs the sport on both sides of the border. Consequently in international rugby, the Ireland team represents the whole island. The same is true of cricket. However, when Ireland was partitioned, organisation of football (soccer) in the Republic was transferred from the Belfast-based Irish Football Association (IFA) to the new Football Association of Ireland (FAI). The IFA remained in charge of the game in the six counties. (Consequently in International Association Football, the island has two teams: the Republic of Ireland, and Northern Ireland.) Northern Ireland qualified for the World Cup Soccer finals in 1958 (where they made it to the quarter finals), 1982 and 1986. The Republic of Ireland made it to the World Cup in 1990 (where they made it to the quarter finals), 1994 and 2002. Greyhound racing and horse racing are both popular in Ireland: greyhound stadiums are well attended and there are frequent horse race meetings. The Republic is noted for the breeding and training of race horses and is also a large exporter of racing dogs. The horse racing sector is largely concentrated in the central east of the Republic. Boxing is also an all-island sport governed by the Irish Amateur Boxing Association. Golf is an extremely popular sport in Ireland and Golfing Tourism is a major industry. The 2006 Ryder Cup will be held in the K Club in Co. Kildare, which is just outside Dublin. Prominent Irish sporting stars are: Sean Kelly (cycling), Stephen Roche (cycling), Brian O'Driscoll (rugby), Roy Keane (soccer), Damien Duff (soccer), D.J. Carey (hurling), Peter Canavan (GAA), Aidan O'Brien (racehorse trainer), Kieren Fallon (jockey), Eddie Jordan (F1), Padraig Harrington (golf), Sonia O'Sullivan (athlethics), Steve Collins (boxing) and Ken Doherty (snooker).
Culture

Literature and the arts
For a comparatively small country, Ireland has made a disproportionately large contribution to world literature in all its branches, mainly in English. Poetry in Irish represents the oldest vernacular poetry in Europe with the earliest examples dating from the 6th century; Jonathan Swift, still often called the foremost satirist in the English language, was wildly popular in his day (Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, etc.) and remains so in modern times amongst both children and adults. In more recent times, Ireland has produced four winners of the Nobel Prize for Literature: George Bernard Shaw, William Butler Yeats, Samuel Beckett and Seamus Heaney. Although not a Nobel Prize winner, James Joyce is widely considered one of the most significant writers of the 20th century. His 1922 novel Ulysses is sometimes cited as the greatest English-language novel of the 20th century and his life is celebrated annually on June 16th in Dublin as the Bloomsday celebrations. The early history of Irish visual art is generally considered to begin with early carvings found at sites such as Newgrange and is traced through Bronze age artifacts, particularly ornamental gold objects, and the religious carvings and illuminated manuscripts of the mediæval period. During the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, a strong indigenous tradition of painting emerged, including such figures as John Butler Yeats, William Orpen, Jack Yeats and Louis le Brocquy.
Music and dance
The Irish tradition of folk music and dance is also widely known. In the middle years of the 20th century, as Irish society was attempting to modernise, traditional music tended to fall out of favour, especially in urban areas. During the 1960s, and inspired by the American folk music movement, there was a revival of interest in the Irish tradition. This revival was led by such groups as The Dubliners, The Chieftains, the Clancy Brothers and Sweeney's Men and individuals like Sean Ó Riada and Danny O'Flaherty. Irish and Scottish traditional music are similar. Before long, groups and musicians including Horslips, Van Morrison and even Thin Lizzy were incorporating elements of traditional music into a rock idiom to form a unique new sound. During the 1970s and 1980s, the distinction between traditional and rock musicians became blurred, with many individuals regularly crossing over between these styles of playing as a matter of course. This trend can be seen more recently in the work of bands and individuals like U2, Clannad, The Cranberries, Van Morrison, Rory Gallagher, and The Pogues. Nevertheless, Irish music has shown an immense inflation of popularity with many attempting to return to their roots. There are also contemporary music groups that stick closer to a "traditional" sound, including Altan, Gaelic Storm, Lúnasa, and Solas. Others incorporate multiple cultures in a fusion of style, such as Afro Celt Sound System and Canadian Loreena McKennitt. Ireland has done well in the Eurovision Song Contest, being the most successful country in the competition with seven wins. This achievement evokes mixed feelings in many Irish people.
Demographics
Ireland has been inhabited for at least 9000 years, although little is known about the neolithic inhabitants of the island. Early historical and genealogical records note the existance of dozens of different peoples (Attacotti, Conmaicne, Éoganacht, Érainn, Soghain, to name but a few). Over the last 1000 years, there have been influences by the Vikings, who founded several ports, including Dublin, and Normans, with significant admixture to the gene pool. However the greater part of the Irish population descends from the original inhabitants of the island who came after the end of the Ice Age. Although for many years the Irish were believed to be of Celtic origin, recent genetic evidence shows that both the Irish and the Welsh (and to a lesser degree England and Scotland) have many genetic traits in common with the people of the Basque region. Some theorize that although Basque is certainly not a Celtic language, there may have been a Celto-Basque link while others postulate that the pre-Celtic population of the island may have had Basque origins. Both positions are difficult to prove, as the information is relatively new. Culturally however, Ireland is undeniably Celtic. Mingling of native Irish inhabitants with the latinate peoples of Spain, France and Rome during the height of the Roman Empire (and later following the expulsion of many Protestants from the predominantly Catholic Southern France, many of whom subsequently migrated to Ireland) gave rise to what some refer to as Franco-celts or Latin-celts. These people are charecterised particularly by very dark, black hair color, a trait that does not occur in "pure" Anglo-Saxon, and other significant genetic similarities to Southern Europeans. Franco-celts (or Latin-celts) are responsible in part, but not wholey, for the moderately high occurrence of black hair and other Southern European characteristics amongst the Irish population. Ireland's largest religious denomination is Roman Catholicism (about 70%), and most of the rest of the population adhere to one of the various Protestant denominations. The largest is the Church of Ireland. The Irish Muslim community is growing, mostly through increased immigration (see Islam in Ireland). The island also has a small Jewish community (See History of the Jews in Ireland), although this has declined somewhat in recent years. Since joining the EU in 2004, Polish people have been the largest source of immigrants from Eastern Europe, followed by other migrants from Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Latvia. Ireland has also had large numbers of Romanians entering the country since the 1990s. A high standard of living, high wages and EU citizenship attract many of the migrants from the newest of the European Union countries. Nigerians, Chinese and people from other African countries also make up a large proportion of migrants to Ireland.
Infrastructure

Transport

Air
Africa The three most important international airports in the Republic are Dublin Airport, Cork Airport and Shannon Airport. All provide extensive services to the UK, continental Europe and North America. The Irish national airline Aer Lingus and low-cost operator Ryanair are based at Dublin. Shannon is an important stopover on trans-Atlantic route for refuelling operations. There are several smaller regional airports in the Republic (Galway Airport, Kerry Airport, Knock International Airport, Sligo Airport, Waterford Airport) that mostly limit their services to Ireland and the United Kingdom. In Northern Ireland there are three main airports. Belfast International (Aldergrove) provides routes to Ireland and Great Britain, as well as many international services to Europe and recently Belfast-New York (Newark). Belfast City and City of Derry Airport mainly provide flights to Great Britain.
Rail
Great Britain The rail network in Ireland was developed by various private companies with the help of British Government funding throughout the late 19th century, reaching its greatest extent around the 1920s. The broad gauge of 1600 mm (5 ft 3 in) was eventually settled upon throughout the island, although there were narrow gauge (3 ft) railways also. Ireland also has one of the largest freight railways in Europe, operated by Bord na Móna. This company has a narrow gauge railway of 1200 miles. In Dublin a new Light Rail System, named Luas opened in 2004. Two lines serve the south and west suburbs as well as the north city centre. More lines are planned as well as an eventual upgrade to Metro. The scheme is being run by the RPA.
Road
RPA] As with Britain, motorists must drive on the left in Ireland, unfortunately tourists driving on the wrong side of the road cause serious [http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1145.html accidents] every year. The island of Ireland has an extensive road network, despite the low quality of many of these until recently. Northern Ireland has historically had better main roads, while the Republic of Ireland has an increasing motorway network, focused on Dublin and the east coast. Historically land owners developed most roads and later Turnpike Trusts collecting tolls so that as early as 1800 Ireland had a 10,000 mile [http://www.cie.ie/about_us/schools_and_enthusiasts.asp road network]. 1815 marked the inauguration of the first horsecar service from Clonmel to Thurles and Limerick. Nowadays the main bus companies are Bus Éireann in the South and Ulsterbus in the North, with Dublin Bus serving the needs of greater Dublin.
Energy
Dublin Bus For much of their existence electricity networks in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland were entirely separate. Both networks were designed and constructed independently, but are now connected with three interlinks and also connected by Northern Ireland Electricity (NIE) through Great Britain to mainland Europe. The Electricity Supply Board (ESB) in the Republic drove a rural electrification programme in the 1940s until the 1970s. The natural gas network is also now all-island, with a connection from Antrim to Scotland. Most of Ireland's gas comes from the Kinsale field. The Corrib Gas Field in Mayo has yet to come online, and is facing some localised opposition over the controversial decision to refine the gas onshore. Ireland, north and south has faced difficulties in providing continuous power at peak load. The situation in Northern Ireland is complicated by the issue of private companies not supplying NIE with enough power, while in the Republic, the ESB has failed to modernise its power stations. In the latter case, availability of power plants has averaged 66% recently, one of the worst such figures in Western Europe. There have been recent efforts in Ireland to use renewable energy such as wind energy with large wind farms being constructed in coastal counties such as Donegal, Mayo and Antrim. Recently what will be the world's largest offshore wind farm is being developed at Arklow Bank off the coast of Wicklow. It is estimated to generate 10% of Irelands energy needs when it is complete. These constructions have in some cases been delayed by opposition from locals, most recently on Achill Island, some of whom consider the wind turbines to be unsightly. Another issue in the Republic of Ireland is the failure of the ageing network to cope with the varying availability of power from such installations. Turlough Hill is the only energy storage mechanism in Ireland.
See also

- List of Ireland-related topics
- Republic of Ireland
- Northern Ireland
- Kingdom of Ireland
- The Ireland Funds
- Irish people
External links

- [http://wikitravel.org/en/Republic_of_Ireland Wikitravel guide to the Republic of Ireland]
- [http://wikitravel.org/en/Northern_Ireland Wikitravel guide to Northern Ireland]
- [http://www.ireland-map.co.uk/ Map of Ireland]
- [http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/heaven/dnairish.pdf.pdf#search='Ychromosome%20variation%20and%20Irish%20origins' Y-chromosome variation and Irish origin]
- [http://pdphoto.org/PictureHome.php?cid=23&mat=pdef&md=cid Public domain photos of Ireland] Category:Islands in the British Isles Category:Ireland ko:아일랜드 섬 ja:アイルランド島 simple:Ireland th:ไอร์แลนด์

Sixth Century

from China, Northern Wei period, was built in the early 6th century.]]

Events

- The first academy of the east the Academy of Gundeshapur founded in Iran by Khosrau I of Persia.
- Irish colonists and invaders, the Scots, began migrating to Caledonia (later known as Scotland)
- Glendalough monastery, Wicklow Ireland founded by St. Kevin
- Zen Buddhists enter Vietnam from China.
- Buddhist Jataka stories are translated into Persian by order of the Zoroastrian king Khosrau.
- Buddhism introduced to Japan from Baekje (Korea) in 552, thus contributing to the changes that occurred in the Asuka period.
- Outbreak of bubonic plague in Constantinople and the rest of the Roman Empire.
- Establishment of Karantania, first stable and independent state of Slovenians and of Slavs.
- The Kutriguri Bulgars move into modern Romania.
- Jewish influence in Aksum.
- Nubia is largely converted to Coptic Christianity.
- The area of modern Aargau falls to the Franks.
- The Kingdom of Funan dies out.
- Black Death raged over south east Asia.
- Silk Road farther into Europe.

Significant persons

- Pope Gregory the Great (590-604)
- Arthur, defeated the Anglo-Saxons
- Justinian, Byzantine Emperor (527-565)
- Belisarius, last great Roman general
- Gregory of Tours (c. 538-594?)
- Beowulf, (fictional?) king of the Geats
- Jordanes, author of the Getica.
- Procopius, a historian.
- Abraham Kidunaia
- Austell

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

- Dionysius Exiguus creates the Anno Domini system, inspired by the birth of Jesus, in 525. This is the system upon which the Julian calendar, Gregorian calendar, and Common Era systems are based.
- Backgammon (nard) invented in Persia by Burzoe
- Chess entered Persia from India and was modified
- Breast-strap horse harness in use in Frankish kingdom
- Byzantine Empire acquires silk technology from China

Decades and years

Category:6th century 06th century ko:6세기 ja:6世紀 simple:6th century th:คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 6

March 5

March 5 is the 64th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (65th in leap years). There are 301 days remaining.

Events

- 1046 - Naser Khosrow begins the seven-year Middle Eastern journey which he would later describe in his book Safarnameh.
- 1689 - Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham is named Secretary of State for the Northern Department.
- 1766 - Antonio de Ulloa, the first Spanish governor of Louisiana, arrives in New Orleans.
- 1770 - Boston Massacre: Five Americans, including Crispus Attucks, are killed by British troops in an event that would help start the American [[Revolutionary War]] five years later.
- [[1784 - Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney is named President of the Board of Trade.
- 1793 - French troops are defeated by Austrian forces and Liège is recaptured.
- 1821 - James Monroe is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.
- 1824 - First Burmese War: The British officially declares war on Burma.
- 1836 - Samuel Colt makes the first production-model revolver (.34-caliber).
- 1842 - Over 500 Mexican troops led by Rafael Vasquez invade Texas, briefly occupy San Antonio and then head back to the Rio Grande.
- 1848 - Louis Antoine Garnier-Pages is named French minister of Finance.
- 1849 - Zachary Taylor is inaugurated as the 12th President of the United States.
- 1860 - Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referenda to join Kingdom of Sardinia.
- 1861 - Montgomery Blair is named 23rd Postmaster General of the United States by Abraham Lincoln
- 1868 - A court of impeachment is organized in the United States Senate to hear charges against President Andrew Johnson.
- 1868 - Mefistofele, an opera by Arrigo Boito premieres at La Scala.
- 1872 - George Westinghouse patents the air brake.
- 1877 - Rutherford B. Hayes is publicly inaugurated as the 19th President of the United States (he was privately inaugurated on March 3).
- 1894 - Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery becomes First Lord of the Treasury.
- 1904 - Nikola Tesla, in Electrical World and Engineer, describes the process of ball lightning formation.
- 1905 - Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden, Manchuria after losing 100,000 troops in three days.
- 1907 - The second Duma opens in St. Petersburg, Russia and 40,000 demonstrators have to be dispersed by Russian troops.
- 1912 - Italian forces are the first to use airships for military purposes, using them for reconnaissance behind Turkish lines.
- 1915 - World War I: LZ 33, a zeppelin, is damaged by enemy fire and stranded south of Ostend.
- 1916 - Spanish football club Real Club Deportivo Mallorca founded.
- 1917 - Woodrow Wilson is inaugurated for a second term as President of the United States.
- 1918 - Bolshevist Russia moves the national capital from Petrograd to Moscow.
- 1924 - Shefqet Verlaci becomes Prime Minister of Albania.
- 1929 - LanChile airline begins operations.
- 1931 - Daniel Salamanca Urey is named President of Bolivia.
- 1933 - Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions.
- 1933 - In Germany, the Nazis win 44 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections.
- 1936 - First flight of fighter airplane Spitfire Type 300.
- 1940 - Members of Soviet politbiuro sign an order for the execution of 25,700 Polish intelligentsia, including 14,700 Polish POW, known also as Katyn massacre.
- 1943 - First flight of Gloster Meteor jet aircraft in Britain.
- 1946 - Winston Churchill uses the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri.
- 1948 - US rocket flies a record 4800 KPH to 126KM height.
- 1949 - The Jharkhand Party is founded in India.
- 1953 - Both Josef Stalin and Sergei Prokofiev die in Soviet Union.
- 1955 - President of Lithuania, Antanas Merkys dies, after having been imprisoned and deported to the Soviet Union.
- 1956 - Ernie Terrell becomes the WBA world heavyweight champion, beating Eddie Machen.
- 1956 - "King Kong" first televised.
- 1958 - Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is established.
- 1958 - Explorer 2 spacecraft launches, fails to reach Earth orbit.
- 1960 - Elvis Presley is discharged from a 2-year hitch in the United States Army.
- 1963 - Country singer Patsy Cline dies in a plane crash.
- 1964 - Atlanta Mayor Ivan Allen Jr announces a baseball team is moving there.
- 1964 - Ceylon declares emergency crisis due to unrest.
- 1965 - First performance of Walter Piston's Eighth Symphony.
- 1966 - A BOAC Boeing 707 jet crashes on Mount Fuji, Japan killing 124
- 1966 - In Luxembourg, Udo Jürgens wins the eleventh Eurovision Song Contest for Austria.
- 1966 - Bob Seagren vaults 5.19m, an indoor world record.
- 1968 - US launches Solar Explorer B, aka Explorer 37 from Wallops Island to study the Sun.
- 1970 - A nuclear non-proliferation treaty goes into effect after ratification by 43 nations.
- 1970 - Dubnium atoms first detected conclusively.
- 1971 - First live performance of Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven."
- 1973 - Donald DeFreeze, future Symbionese Liberation Army leader, escapes from Vacaville Prison.
- 1974 - Yom Kippur War: Israeli forces withdrew from the west bank of the Suez Canal.
- 1974 - "Candide", by Leonard Bernstein, opens at Broadway Theatre in NYC for 740 performances.
- 1976 - British pound falls below $2 US for the first time.
- 1978 - Landsat 3 is launched from Vandenberg AFB in California.
- 1979 - Detection equipment picks up a gamma ray burst originating from the Large Magellanic Cloud, leading to the discovery of soft gamma repeaters.
- 1979 - Voyager 1's closest approach to Jupiter, 172000 miles.
- 1980 - Earth satellites record gamma rays from remnants of supernova N-49.
- 1981 - Cannibal Alferd Packer pardoned posthumously.
- 1982 - SNL star John Belushi dies of a drug overdose in his hotel room.
- 1982 - Venera 14, a Soviet satellite arrives at the planet Venus.
- 1983 - Bob Hawke becomes Australian prime minister after defeating Malcolm Fraser in Australian elections.
- 1985 - The body of undercover DEA agent Enrique Camarena is found.
- 1988 - Constitution of Turks and Caicos Islands restored and revised.
- 1991 - Iraq releases all Gulf War prisoners
- 1993 - Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson is banned from international competition for life after testing positive for banned substances for the second time.
- 1998 - NASA announces that the Clementine probe orbiting the Moon has found enough water to support a human colony.
- 1998 - NASA announces the choice of United States Air Force Lt. Col. Eileen Collins as the first woman commander of a space shuttle mission.
- 1999 - Paul Okalik is elected first Premier of Nunavut.
- 2001 - In Mecca, 35 Muslim pilgrims are crushed to death during the annual Hajj pilgrimage.
- 2002 - MTV begins airing The Osbournes.
- 2003 - University of Manchester and UMIST announce agreement to merge operations.
- 2003 - Natalie Maines of the Dixie Chicks provokes controversy in the U.S. by stating that the band was "ashamed the president of the United States is from Texas."
- 2003 - Nature withdraws several papers as a result of the Jan Hendrik Schön scandal.

Births

- 1133 - King Henry II of England (d. 1189)
- 1324 - King David II of Scotland (d. 1371)
- 1512 - Gerardus Mercator, Flemish cartographer (d. 1594)
- 1563 - John Coke, English politician (d. 1644)
- 1575 - William Oughtred, English mathematician (d. 1660)
- 1585 - John George I, Elector of Saxony (d. 1656)
- 1658 - Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French explorer (d. 1730)
- 1693 - Johann Jakob Wettstein, Swiss theologian (d. 1754)
- 1696 - Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Italian painter (d. 1770)
- 1703 (N.S.) - Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky, Russian poet (d. 1768)
- 1748 - Jonas C. Dryander, Swedish botanist (d. 1810)
- 1748 - William Shield, English musician (d. 1829)
- 1750 - Jean-Baptiste Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison, French classical scholar (d. 1805)
- 1814 - Wilhelm von Giesebrecht, German historian (d. 1889)
- 1815 - John Wentworth, American politician (d. 1888)
- 1817 - Austen Henry Layard, English archaeologist (d. 1894)
- 1836 - Charles Goodnight, American cattle rancher (d. 1929)
- 1853 - Howard Pyle, American author and illustrator (d. 1911)
- 1867 - Louis-Alexandre Taschereau, Premier of Quebec (d. 1952)
- 1869 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
- 1870 - Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902)
- 1871 - Rosa Luxemburg, German revolutionary (d. 1919)
- 1874 - Henry Travers, British actor (d. 1965)
- 1879 - Sir William Beveridge, British economist (d. 1963)
- 1886 - Dong Biwu, founder of the Communist Party of China (d. 1975)
- 1887 - Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (d. 1959
- [[1898]] - [[Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1976)
- 1898 - Soong May-ling, Chinese wife of Chiang Kai-Shek (d. 2003)
- 1904 - Karl Rahner, German theologian (d. 1984)
- 1908 - Sir Rex Harrison, English actor (d. 1990)
- 1910 - Józef Marcinkiewicz, Polish mathematician (d. 1940)
- 1915 - Laurent Schwartz, French mathematician (d. 2002)
- 1918 - James Tobin, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
- 1920 - Virginia Christine, American actress (d. 1996)
- 1921 - Elmer Valo, baseball player (d. 1998)
- 1922 - Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian writer and film director (d. 1975)
- 1923 - David Nathan, Welsh journalist (d. 1966)
- 1923 - Laurence Tisch, American investor
- 1927 - Jack Cassidy, American actor (d. 1976)
- 1934 - Daniel Kahneman, Iraeli economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1934 - James B. Sikking, American actor
- 1936 - Canaan Banana, first President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
- 1936 - Dean Stockwell, American actor
- 1937 - Olusegun Obasanjo, leader of Nigeria
- 1938 - Fred Williamson, American football player and actor
- 1939 - Peter Woodcock, Canadian serial killer
- 1939 - Pierre Wynants, Belgian chef
- 1939 - Samantha Eggar, British actress
- 1942 - Felipe González Márquez, Prime Minister of Spain
- 1943 - Billy Backus, American boxer
- 1947 - Clodagh Rodgers, Irish singer
- 1948 - Eddy Grant, Guyana-born singer
- 1951 - Elaine Paige, English singer and actress
- 1954 - Marsha Warfield, American actress, comedienne
- 1955 - Penn Jillette, American magician and comedian
- 1957 - Mark E. Smith, Vocalist with The Fall
- 1958 - Andy Gibb, English singer (d. 1988)
- 1966 - Michael Irvin, American football player
- 1966 - Tim Crutchfield,Controversial politician
- 1969 - MC Solaar, French hiphop artist
- 1970 - John Frusciante, American musician (The Red Hot Chili Peppers)
- 1974 - Jens Jeremies, German footballer
- 1974 - Eva Mendes, American actress
- 1975 - Jolene Blalock, American actress
- 1975 - Niki Taylor, American model
- 1976 - Sarunas Jasikevicius, Lithuanian basketball player
- 1976 - Paul Konerko, baseball player
- 1977 - Bryan Berard, American hockey player
- 1977 - Wally Szczerbiak, American basketball player
- 1989 - Jake Lloyd, American actor

Deaths

- 1534 - Antonio da Correggio, Italian painter (b. 1489)
- 1539 - Nuno da Cunha, Portuguese governor in India (b. 1487)
- 1592 - Michael Coxcie, Flemish painter (b. 1499)
- 1605 - Pope Clement VIII (b. 1536)
- 1611 - Shimazu Yoshihisa, Japanese warlord and samurai (b. 1533)
- 1622 - Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1569)
- 1695 - Henry Wharton, English writer (b. 1664)
- 1726 - Evelyn Pierrepont, 1st Duke of Kingston-upon-Hull, English politician
- 1778 - Thomas Augustine Arne, English composer (b. 1710)
- 1815 - Franz Mesmer, Austrian developer of hypnotism (b. 1734)
- 1827 - Pierre-Simon Laplace, French mathematician (b. 1749)
- 1827 - Alessandro Volta, Italian physicist (b. 1745)
- 1829 - John Adams, last surviving HMS Bounty mutineer (b. 1766)
- 1849 - David Scott, Scottish painter (b. 1806)
- 1876 - Marie d'Agoult, German-born writer (b. 1805)
- 1893 - Hippolyte Taine, French historian (b. 1828
- 1895 - Henry Rawlinson, British soldier (b. 1810)
- 1895 - Nikolai Leskov, Russian writer (b. 1831)
- 1903 - George Francis Robert Henderson, British soldier (b. 1854)
- 1907 - Friedrich Blass, German classical scholar (b. 1843)
- 1926 - Clément Ader, French aviation pioneer (b. 1841)
- 1927 - Franz Mertens, German mathematician (b. 1840)
- 1940 - Cai Yuanpei, Chinese educator (b. 1868)
- 1944 - Max Jacob, French poet and writer (b. 1876)
- 1947 - Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (b. 1883)
- 1953 - Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer, (b. 1891)
- 1953 - Joseph Stalin, Georgian leader of the Soviet Union (b. 1879)
- 1953 - Herman J. Mankiewicz, American screenwriter (b. 1897)
- 1963 - Patsy Cline, American singer (b. 1932)
- 1965 - Chen Cheng, Chinese politician (b. 1897)
- 1965 - Pepper Martin, baseball player (b. 1904)
- 1966 - Anna Akhmatova, Russian poet (b. 1889)
- 1967 - Georges Vanier, Governor General of Canada (b. 1888)
- 1974 - Sol Hurok, Russian-born impresario (b. 1888)
- 1980 - Jay Silverheels, Canadian actor (b. 1912)
- 1980 - Winifred Wagner, German opera producer (b. 1897)
- 1981 - Yip Harburg, American lyricist (b. 1896)
- 1982 - John Belushi, American actor (b. 1949)
- 1984 - Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (b. 1915)
- 1984 - William Powell, American actor (b. 1892)
- 1988 - Alberto Olmedo, Argentine comedian (b. 1933)
- 1996 - Whit Bissell, American actor (b. 1909)
- 1997 - Samm Sinclair Baker, American diet author (b. 1909)
- 1999 - Richard Kiley, American actor (b. 1922)
- 2000 - Lolo Ferrari, French actress (b. 1970)
- 2004 - Walt Gorney, American actor (b. 1912)

Holidays and observances

- St Piran's Day - Cornwall's national day
- Feast of St. Kieran, patron of the Diocese of Ossory, in Irish calendar
- Approximate beginning of month of jīngzhé in Chinese calendar

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/5 BBC: On This Day] ---- March 4 - March 6 - February 5 - April 5 -- listing of all days ko:3월 5일 ja:3月5日 simple:March 5 th:5 มีนาคม

Mochuda

Saint Mochuda (also known as Carthage of Lismore or Carthage the Younger) was an Irish bishop and abbot of the sixth and seventh centuries. His feast day is May 14. The saint was the student of Saint Carthage the Elder. He founded a monastery at Rahan in Leinster, from which he was expelled by the king due to the jealousy of neighboring abbots. By then an old man, he and his followers moved south and founded the settlement of Lismore in Munster. He left a "monastic rule" or set of laws for governing a monastery. His Life is preserved in both a Latin and Irish version; the latter was translated into English by Rev. P. Power in 1914.

External links

-
- [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/11168 Lives of SS. Declan and Mochuda] at Project Gutenberg Category:Saints Category:History of Ireland

Aengus mac Nadfraoch

Aengus mac Nadfraoch, fifth century A.D., was the first Christian king of Munster. A member of the Eoghanacht dynasty, around 448 he invited Saint Patrick to Cashel. During the baptism, Saint Patrick accidentally pierced Aengus' foot with his crosier. Aengus, thinking it was part of the ceremony, endured the great pain until the ceremony was over. Aengus Aengus

Saint Patrick

Saint Patrick (died March 17?, 492/493) is the patron saint of Ireland, along with Saint Brigid and Saint Columba. He was born somewhere along the west coast of Britain in the little settlement or village of Bannavem of Taburnia (vico banavem taburniae in his Confessio), which has never been identified with certainty. Sites suggested include Dumbarton, Furness http://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/viewarticle.aspx?id=262271 1 and Somerset, or the coastline of Wales or northern France; another possibility put forward for his birthplace is the settlement of Bannaventa in Northamptonshire, for raiders captured him with "many thousands of people" according to Patrick's autobiographical Confessio, and sold them as slaves in Ireland. The tiny Welsh village of Banwen has often been suggested as his birth place. It was clearly occupied in Roman times, sitting on the Neath-Brecon Roman road and next to the two Roman forts in Coelbren.

Early life

In the Confessio Patrick mentions his father Calpornius, a deacon, civil official, and a town councillor, son of Potitus, who was a Romano-British priest. An old tradition makes his mother from the upper-class Gaulish family of Martin of Tours, though Patrick himself makes no such claim. According to his Confessio, at the age of about sixteen Patrick was captured and taken to Ireland as a slave to a Druidic chieftain named Milchu in Dalriada, County Antrim. Some speculate that Fochill in County Mayo is the more likely setting. Although he came from a Christian family, he was not particularly religious before his capture. However, his enslavement markedly strengthened his faith. He escaped at the age of twenty-two, and spent twelve years in a monastery in Auxerre, where he adopted the name Patrick (Patricius, in Old Irish spelled Pádraig). One night he heard voices begging him to return to Ireland, and he thus, by now in his thirties, became one of the first Christian missionaries in Ireland, being preceded by Palladius (died c.457/461). Britain at this time was undergoing turmoil following the withdrawal of Roman troops in 407 and Roman central authority in 410. Having been under the Roman cloak for over 350 years, the Romano-British were having to look after themselves. Populations were on the move on the European continent, and the recently converted Christian Britain was being colonised by pagan Anglo-Saxons.

Mission

His first converted patron was Saint Dichu, who made a gift of a large sabhall (barn) for a church sanctuary. This first sanctuary dedicated by St Patrick became in later years his chosen retreat. A monastery and church were erected there, and there Patrick died; the site, Saul County Down, retains the name Sabhall (pronounced "Sowel"). Patrick set up his see at Armagh and organized the church into territorial sees, as elsewhere in the West and East. While Patrick encouraged the Irish to become monks and nuns, it is not certain that he was a monk himself. It is even less likely that in his time the monastery became the principal unit of the Irish Church, although it was in later periods. The choice of Armagh may have been determined by the presence of a powerful king. There Patrick had a school and presumably a small familia in residence; from this base he made his missionary journeys. There seems to have been little contact with the Palladian Christianity of the southeast. One famous story relates that at the annual vernal fire that was to be lit by the High King at Tara, when all the fires were extinguished so they could be renewed from the sacred fire from Tara, Patrick lit a rival, miraculously inextinguishable Christian bonfire on the hill of Slane at the opposite end of the valley. The season was associated with Easter by chroniclers who followed Patrick's own account in his Confessio. Patrick was not the first Christian missionary to Ireland, as men such as Secundus and Palladius were active there before him. However, tradition accords him the most impact, and his missions seem to have been concentrated in the provinces of Ulster and Connaught which had never received Christians before. He established the Church throughout Ireland on lasting foundations: he travelled throughout the country preaching, teaching, building churches, opening schools and monasteries, converting chiefs and bards, and everywhere supporting his preaching with miracles. He threw down the idol of Crom Cruach in Leitrim. Patrick wrote that he daily expected to be violently killed or enslaved again. His Letter to the Soldiers of Coroticus protested British slave trading and the slaughter of a group of Irish Christians by Coroticus's raiding Christian Welshmen, and is the first surely identified literature of the British or Celtic Catholic Church (see [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Saint_Patrick#Letter_to_the_Soldiers_of_Coroticus_.28c.450.3F.29] Wikiquote). Patrick gathered many followers, including Saint Benignus, who would become his successor. His chief concerns were the raising up of native clergy, and abolishing paganism, idolatry, and sun-worship. He made no distinction of classes in his preaching and was himself ready for imprisonment or death. Pious legend credits Patrick with banishing snakes from the island, though post-glacial Ireland never actually had snakes; one suggestion is that snakes referred to the serpent symbolism of the Druids of that time and place, as shown for instance on coins minted in Gaul (see Carnutes), or that it could have referred to heretical beliefs such as Pelagianism, symbolized as "serpents." Legend also credits Patrick with teaching the Irish about the concept of the Trinity by showing people the shamrock, a three-leaved clover, using it to highlight the Christian dogma of 'three divine persons in the one God' (as opposed to the Arian heresy that was popular in Patrick's time). In his use of Scripture and eschatological expectations, Patrick was typical of the 5th-century bishop. One of the traits which he retained as an old man was a consciousness of being an unlearned exile and former slave and fugitive, who learned to trust God completely. Patrick died in 493 AD according to the latest reconstruction of the old Irish annals. The compiler of the Annals of Ulster stated that in the year 553:
- "I have found this in the Book of Cuanu: The relics of Patrick were placed sixty years after his death in a shrine by Colum Cille. Three splendid halidoms were found in the burial-place: his goblet, the Angel's Gospel, and the Bell of the Testament. This is how the angel distributed the halidoms: the goblet to Dún, the Bell of the Testament to Ard Macha, and the Angel's Gospel to Colum Cille himself. The reason it is called the Angel's Gospel is that Colum Cille received it from the hand of the angel." This would certainly seem to place his death in 493, or at least somewhere in that decade. It is believed that March 17 was his death date (according to the Encyclopedia Britannica) and it is the date popularly associated with him as his feast, known as St. Patrick's Day. St. Patrick is also patron of Nigeria, which was evangelized primarily by Irish clergy, especially priests from Saint Patrick's Missionary Society (also known as the Kiltegan Missionaries).

The cult of Patrick

Two of Patrick's biographers, Muirchú and Tírechán are believed to have contributed to the cult of Patrick whereby they overemphasize Patrick's associations with the church of Armagh to make their stronghold as the head church of Ireland more effective. They wrote Life of Patrick and Memoir of Patrick in the late seventh century.

External links

- [http://www.fisheaters.com/customslent4.html The Feast of St. Patrick] traditions of St. Patrick's Day, prayers, readings
- [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/patrick/confession.all.html The Confession of St Patrick]
- [http://catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=89 St Patrick]
- [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintp01.htm Saint Patrick]
- [http://www.stpatrickfathers.org/Saint_Patrick/St_Patrick_Life.html Fr. Ciaran Needham SPS, "Saint Patrick's Life"]
- [http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Dan.McCarthy/chronology/synchronisms/annals-chron.htm Evidence regarding date of birth]
- [http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/Patrick/default.asp The Real St. Patrick and Celtic Spirituality]
- [http://www.historychannel.com/exhibits/stpatricksday/index.jsp?page=patrick Who Was St. Patrick?]
- [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11554a.htm CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Patrick] Patrick Patrick Patrick Patrick Patrick Patrick Patrick Patrick Patrick ja:聖パトリック simple:Saint Patrick

Ciaran of Clonmacnoise

Saint Ciaran of Clonmacnoise was an early Irish bishop. He is sometimes called Ciaran the Younger to distinguish him from Saint Ciaran Saighir. Ciaran of Clonmacnoise was the tutor of Saint Carthage the Elder. In 545 he founded the Monastery of Clonmacnoise; he died about one year later of the yellow plague in his early thirties. His feast day is September 9. Category:Saints Category:History of Ireland

Category:Saints

Saints. See List of saints for a detailed table.
See also WikiProject Saints. Category:People known in connection with religion or philosophy Category:Christianity ko:분류:카톨릭 성인 ja:Category:聖人 th:Category:นักบุญ

Category:History of Ireland

Category:Ireland Ireland Ireland ko:분류:아일랜드의 역사 ja:Category:アイルランドの歴史

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